Calculating-machine.



PATENTED MAR. 5, 1907.

W. R. BONHAIM. lCALGULAJIING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 20,1905.

NN, l QW ,wvl

Unrrnn s'rii.

Wirren nronrrnn Bonnin,

.FETES T0 A. d. SCtllrE-,

ne. sence-r.

r'ri'rnnrr cierren.

oniciioo, renners, Assionon or 'rivo- Lresented March 5,1907.

Patent.

Application filed lloc-'einher 20, 1905. Serial No. 288,l3.

Be it nnown thet i, lNArfrin Rice loNHAM, a citizen or the United Sintsiding et Chicago, in the county of look end of illinois, have inventedcerta-in new ARD Starte endn useful improvement-s in CalculstingMll'ectnnes, of which the following is e full,

cigar, .and exact speciiication.

This invent-ion relates to calculating-inachines, and more particularlyto the chiss designed for addition and subtraction; and it has for itsprimary object to provide en improved construction ofcalculating-machinos of this character which shall be simple both inmechanism and operation and oi inexpensive construction and ed ss apocket-machine.

A further object lis to provide an improved, simple, and ettcient meansfor preventing' the carrier from moving accidentallj-,v beyond theposition to which it is positively moved by one of theindicatornieinbers. y

A further object is to provide an improved means whereby theindicatormernbers may he -given a slight retrograde movement upon thecompletion of its forward rotation.

To these ends and the accomplishment ci' other newl and useful objects,as dll appear, the invention consists in certain features ci 'novelty inthe construction sind arrangen nient of the several parts T ere titerincre fully described and claimed, find illustrated in ltheeccompanyingr drawings, illustrating en example of the invention, and inwhich;

Figure l is a plan view'of this improved machine with a partoi' the topplate broken away. Fig. 2 is a sectional vier,r on the line 2 2 of Fig.l. Fig. 3 is an irregular section on line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fir. 4 is asection on line 4 4 of Fig. Fig'. 5 is an enlarged perspective view ofthe edge of one ot the cerriers. Fig. 6 is en enlarged detailperspective view of the operating end of the retaining-patri iorthecarriers, and Fig'. 7 is an enlarged detail section on line 7 7 oi'Fie'. l.

'lhe numeral l is a hase-plate or back, and if? is s. faceplate, andbetween these two plates arranged rotary indicating* rnenihers or si 5,any desired. number oi which .ng employed, accordingv to the capacity otthe machine desired, and which stand, re spectively, for the units,tens, and hundreds columns, and located between these indicator membersor disks sre ,gears or carriers especially adapt o "Y, which transmitetenth of a rotation to 5 5 ecco of the indicator-disks on the left fromone complete rotation ot' the indicator-disks on the right, as is commonin this art, and these gears or carriers t5 7 are also preferablyarranged between the plates l 2, and the two pistes are secured togetherand the indicator members and carriers pivoted or journaled thereon byany suitahie means, such as pins or bolts 8, passing through them. Thesebolts or pin.. t3 are provided with enlargec'l central portions E) toform shoulders against which the pla-tes l and 2 rest and serve as aineens for holdingf said piates spaced apart. The periphery oi the topplate 2 is preferably turned downen-einst the tace of the bottom platei, as at it), to close the space between the plates end torni o. housingfor the disks and carryingWheels- Any number of these bolts or pins mayhe used as desired and are y of such n size to hold theplates l' and 2 a7'5 suiiieient distance apart to prevent them from hea-ring too severelyagainst the gears and indicators.

The top plate 2' is provided with apertures l1, one opposite cach of theindicator-disks 3, 4, and 5.' These indicator inenihcrs or disks are ormay he duplicates of each other, and vthe description ot one will applyequallyl as Well to the others. They are pivotrd to the hach plete l hyineens ot' iouri'isls l2, prelrr 8 5 sbiy formed by a struck-up portionof the body thereof, and said s ruck-up portion engages suitable zeIture in the pla-te l.

, An importent 'sature of my invention re sides in the arrangement ofthe numbers or l other characters of numerica-l value,I and it consistsvin the employment of two sets of such vnumbers or. characters arrangedin ari thnietical progression troni one to zero and reversed Withrespect to each other, so that one series or set progresses in onedirection' and the other serles or sst in nn opposite direction. Thesetwo sets of nunbers or characters are provided for each of theindicators, Whatever forni the latter may have, and when such.indicators have, as in the example of niy invention shown .in thedrawings, a tia-t diskdilie forni the numbers ere arranged in circulerconcentric series. The set 'of said nunileers arranged in arithmcticalprqgrcssion `lroin right to init' is arranged upon the outers-ee of theplete around the aperture l1 therein, While the other set, or the setwhich 1 within and concentric with the 'first set and around the journalof each of the indicators 3, 4, and'5. These -figures may be placedthereon either bystamping, printing, or in any other manner desired.

Each of the indicator-disks yis provided with a plurality of taperingapertures 1.3, one oi which is elongated, as indicated at 111, and

extends inward toward the journal 12 a suf-I ficient distance as touncover and expose one of the numerals ot the inner circle carrie d bythe base-plate 1. The tapered portions of these apertures are arrangedadjacent the peripheries of the disks. Carrier-.disks 6 are arrangedbetween each two' of the indicatordisks 3, 4, and A5 and are providedwith peripheral depending teeth or lugs 15, properly spaced `forinterineshing with radial teeth 16, carried by the peripheries of theindicatordisks. One of the radial-teeth 16 ot each oi theseindicator-disks, excepting tho last one of the series, is somewhatlonger than the remaining teeth, as indicated. at 17, and is providedwith a beveled or inclined portion 18, and this tooth is adapted toengage with the depending lugs or teeth 15 on the carrierdisk adjacentthereto, and thereby impart a tenth ot a rotation to the next one ci theindicator-disks in the series by means of the engagement of' the radialteeth 16 between the depending teeth 15. Thus it will be seen that foreach complete rotation of thc unitsdislr 3 the tens-dish 4 will receiveone-tenth o'a rotation, and the hundreds-disk 5 will receive a tenth ofa, revolution for each complete rotation of the tens-disk 4, and so onthroughout the entire serie-s.

With this construction and arrangement of the disks it will be seen thatshould the indicator-disk be given a rapid rotation tle momentum givento the carrier-disk would tend to carry the same forward to an improperposition after the extended tooth or projection 17 passes out ofengagement with the depending tooth 15. 1n order to overcome thistendency and to insure a proper movement oi the carrier-disks, there isprovided a stop or lock 19 in the shape ot a spring-pawl, preferably 'ofthe form shown, on end of which is provided with apertures adapted toreceive and be held in position against the base-plate 1 by means oftlie pins or lugs 20. he -tree end thereof prei'- erably follows thecontour of the carrierdislr, and its extremity is provided with adepending portion 21, having a radially-projecting lip or iinger 22.ringer 22 extends under the periphery ci the carrier-disk, normallybelow the extremityoi the depending teeth 15, and is adapted to beraised between the teeth in the manner hereinafter forth. The stop orloch 19 is also provided with a depending portion or pro- Said radiallip or i jection 23, which is `located behind the lip of finger 22. Thisprojection 23 stands beyond the periphery of' the carrier-disk. anddirectly in the path of the movement'of ,the eir-v tended ringer 17 ofthe indicator-disk. 4One edge of the projection isiirclined or beveled,asat 24, and the inclined portion18 oi the during its course ofmovement, causing the same to be raised to permit" the tooth 17 to vthelip or projection between two of the depeidingteeth 15`andinto the pathof the movement of the advancing tooth, which contacts therewith and isheld in this posi- -tionuntil the projecting tooth passes from ter whichthe stop orlock will spring down against the base-plate 1, carrying-theradial projecting lip 22 with it and out'v of the path an aperture 25being provided in thebase lip 22.- i

'ln order to prevent the' indicator-disks from being. turnedin-the'wrong direction, there is provided a retaining-pawl 26, havin fan arm engaging the pins 20, and said paw is providedwith a -lip ordep-end i portion 27, preferably struck from theme thereof. The lip orportion 27 is tween the radially-projecting teeth 16 of theindicator-disks and is adapted to be raised by said teeth when properlyrotated and tol spring between the teeth to prevent a back.- wardmovement. given to this pawl by means of a spring 28, loosely engagingthe pins 20.

oi the stop or lock 19 to permit .the proper movement of the same.

plate 2 are provided with stops 30, so arranged that it a pencil orother implement be inserted in any one of the series of apertures 13 inthe indicator-disks and moved toward the right the motion will bearrested by the pencil coming against 30, only one figure of the innerseries being indicator-elisha x In order to impart a slight retrogrademovement ofthe indicator-disks 3, 4, and'5 to insure the properengagement of the lip orprojection 27 of the retaining-pawl 26 betweenthe two teeth 16, there is provided a slot 31 in .the facelate 2adjacent the stop 30 and the edge o the apertures 11. This slot isprovided .with arearward-inclined portion 31a, the vhighest point oi'which is located at the correct sto ping-point for the indi-lcator-disks. The owest point of the slot Sib is so located that the diskmay ce moved i slightly-beyond its proper stopping-point, so

pass thereunder and at the lsame time raise beneath the depending lip'orportion 23, af-

oi the movement of thedepending teeth 15,

Suitable pressure may be The tace-plate 2 is provided Withsuitablestruck-up portions 29 adjacentth'efrce end w The edges of the aperturesV1.1 inthe faccextended tooth 17 will contact therewith y plate 1 to'permit a proper movement of the the top side of the stop visible throughthe elongated .aperture 14of l that upon its backward movement the lipor projection 27 of the retaining-pawl will positively spring into the sace between two of the teeth 16 of the in icator-disks, so that theadjacent tooth will engage therewith. Thus it will be seen that if animplement is inserted in any one of the apertures 13 and the diskrotated the force willbe exerted toward the periphery of the disks andthe implement will travel around the edge of the apertures 11 in theface-plate 2, carrying with it the disk until the implement strikes thestop 30, when the outward strain will cause the implement to move intothe slot 31 and travel to the lowest-point 31a therein, where it will besuddenly deflected into the inclined portion 31h, thereby causing thedisk to he turned slightly backward, so that the retaining-dogwillproperly engage the teeth 16, the tapering portion of the apertures13 cooperating wit-h the slot 31 to accomplish this movement. Thisarrangement is to facilitate the operation of the machine and dispenseswith the necessity of the operator stopping to examine the same to seeif the -exposmgvslot or aperture 14 is correctly positioned and theindicator-disks properly locked.

In the operation of this machine it is to be understood that the innerseries of numbers are used for addition and the outer series forsubtraction, and the machine is operated in ,the following manner: Allof the disks or indicators are so set that the cipher of each of theinner series will be exposed through the aperture 14. .A number may beadded by placing the point of a pencil in thatone of the apertures 13which is directly opposite the number in the outer series which isdesired and-,the disk rotated to the right until arrested by the stop30, whereupon the desired number will be exposed through the aperture14. j For example, starting with the d is'ksl arranged as just mentionedand 1t is desiredl to add nine, the pencil is inserted in the apertureopposite the number 9 of the outer series and the disk rotated until itsmovement is arrested by the stop 30, whereupon 9 will appear in theaperture 14. Should it be desired to add nine to this result, the sameoperation is repeated; but inasmuch as the projecting tooth 17 at thebeginning of the second operation would be just back ofone of the teeth15 of the carrier-disk the first-tenth of the revolution of Athe secondoperation would cause the tooth 17 to rotate the carrier 6 a tenth of arevolution, and thereby impart a tenth of a revolution to the disk 4,bringing the aperture 14 therein opposite Athe numler ".1 in the innerseries of num'lrers. while the disk 3 would continue to rotate untilarrested by the stop 30, whereupon the number S would appear in theaperture 14 in the disk 3, and by reading the number "17 in the aperture14 in the disk 4 in connection therewith the sum "18 appears. Thus eachtime the unitdisk 3 makes a complete rotation the tensdisk 4 makes apartial or tenth revolution, and each time the tens-disk 4 makes acomplete revolution a partial or tenth revolution is imparted to thehundreds-disk 5 through the intermediate carrier-disk 7 and finger 17.During each movement of the indicatordisks the carriers are locked andreleased by the locking member 19 and the disks 3, 4, and 5 properlypositioned in the manner already set forth. Should it be desired tosubtract a given number from the sum thus added up or from any otheramount, the disks 3 and 4, in which the sum appears in the aperture 14,and' also the disk 5, if the sum be large enough to extend to this disk,are shifted until the apertures 14- stand opposite the numbers in theouter series. Thus if the sum appearing in the apertures 14 be thenumber just added, 18, the disk 3 would be turned until the aperture 14is opposite the number 8 in the outer series, and the disk 4 should beturned until the aperture 14 therein stands opposite the number l in theouter series.` The pencil is then placed in the aperture opposite thenumber in the outside series which is to be subtracted.l Should thenumber be nine, for example, the pencil would be placed in the apertureopposite 9 and the disk rotated toward the right, as before, untilarrested by the stop 30, whereupon the aperture 14 would be opposite thenumber 9 of the outside series, and the corresponding aperture 14 of thediskl4 would come opposite the cipher in the outside series, it beingunderstood that when subtracting the outer series are read and thenumber taken is always the one opposite to which the aperture 14 stands.After thus subtracting, if it should be desired to again add to theremainder it would be necessary toagain shift the disksuntil theremainder appears in-the aperture 14, whereupon the addition may beperformed, as just described, by placing the pencil in the apertureopposite the number in the outer series to be added and then rotatingthe disk until arrested by the projection 30.

The`operation has been described in relation to only two of the disks;but it is to be understood that any number vof disks constituting themachine may be operated in the same manner.

7i th a machine thus constructed it will be seenv that the mechanism issimple in construction and operation and ma)v be made in a thinflat formsuitable for carrying in the pocket, and the disks and also the carriersare facsimiles in size and shape, and hence majY be produced from twodisks, one for the disks and one for the carriers, it being unnecessaryto increase their diameter or the length of the teeth 15 as the valuesofthe disks progress.

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p thus-iully described the construction and operation ofthe machine,what is claimed as new, and desired to secure bv LettersPatent, is n l.in a calculating-machine, the combination of twosets oi digits orcharacters of dit# ferent numerical values bearing a iixed relation toeachother and being reversely arranged, andL means whereby the numbersin `both setsare indicated and all the numbers in oneset aresimultaneously visible and those of the other set are only progressivelyvisible.

2. ln a calculating-machine, the combination of tvo sets of charactersof ditllerent numerical values progressing arithmetically reversely ofeach other, one set being 'lixed with relation to the other andpermanently iisible, and a movable indicator whereby .the characters ofthe other set are only progressively visible, and the characters ineither set may be indicated.

3. in acalculating-machine, the combination of two sets' of charactersoi different numerical values progressing arithmetically reversely ofeach other, and an indicator having apertures corresponding in number tothe characters oi one set, one ot said apertures being elongated andthrough which lthe charactors or .the other set are progressivelyvisible.

e. ln a calcnlating-machine, the combination oi tivo .sets or1characters of different nu merio-al values progressing arithmeticallyreversely of each other, anda movable indicaone of said apertures beingarranged to progressively eX- posethe characters oi' the other set,

5. In a calculating-machine, the combinationo two sets of characters ofditlerent numerical values progressing arithmetically reersely oieachother in concentric circles, an indicator arranged over one set ofsaid character-sand having an aperture through which said characters aresuccessively visible, and a series oi additional aperturesone ot saidaperlures being disposed adj acent each ol the iirst set of characters.l

o. in a calculating-machine, the combination of two sets of charactersci different nu- Arn'aricai values progressing arithmetically inopposite direction and in concentric circles, one set being 'fixed withrelation to the other', a"rotary indicator arranged over one set of saidcharacters and having an aperture through which the characters of saidset are successively visible, a series ol additional apertnres adiacentthe characters oi the other set, and a stop projecting across the lineof the said circular series oi apertures for arresting the niiovement ofthe turning implement when placed in one ol the said series 01"'apertures.

' tor having apertures corresponding in num- 'ber tothe characters ofone set,

7. in' a. calculating-machine, the combinav tion. of tivorotaryindicating members each l i l l i semer having peripheral teeth andapertures formed therein, and constituting indicating-apertures,characters of ditl'erent numerical values arranged in a circular seriesopposite said apertures respectively, a carrier-gear.having teethmeshing with the said teeth on one ol said rotary members for impartingmotion to the latter, 'Fmgers on said rotary indicators projectingbeyond the teeth thereof, the teeth on said gear being arranged withinthe sweep of' the said iinger on one olisaid indicators, a second gearhaving teeth arranged within the sweep oiu the latter said finger, and athird rot-ary indicator' member having teeth engaging the teeth of saidsecond gear.

S. in a cal culating-n'iacliine having a path ol movement for anoperating means, the combination o'l a plurality ol' rotary indicators,a carrier 'lor imparting the movement of one of said indicators to theother, a stop across said path of movement, and means adjacent the stop'for causing a retrograde1notion ci the indicators.

9. ln a calculating-machine having apath of movement for an operatii'igmeans, the combination oi a rotary indicator, a retaining-pawl, meanscarried-by the indicator and with 'which the pawl cooperates, a stoparanged in the path o'l said movement and so disposed as' to cause theindicator to travel slightly beyond. the point at which the pawl engagesone oi` the cooperating means, and means 'for transmitting a retrogrademotion to theindicator 'for seating the pawl.

l0. In a calculating-machine having a path o'l movement' for anoperating means, the combination ot a rotary indicator, provided withperipheral teeth, a retaining-p awl adapted to engage .the teeth, a stoparranged Within said path 'of movement, said stop being so disposed asto cause the teeth to be moved sligntly beyond the point at which thepawl engages therewith, and having a slot adja cent thereto into whichthe operating means is deflected to cause the tcetn to be moved backwardagainst the pawl.

11. ln h calculating-machine having a path of movement 'for an operatingmeans, the combination of a rotary indicator provided with a series ofapertures and peripheral. teeth, a retaining-pawl adapted to lengage theteeth, a stop within said path o'l`- movement disposed to cause one oi'thc teeth to travel slightly beyond the point of its engagement with thepawl, and a rearwardlydisposed slot adiacent the stop and into wnih theoperating means is deilected, the end oi" said slot being so disposed asto transmit a retrograde movement to the disk to cause the tooth toengage the avid.

and, means for engaging and moving said stop mto engagement withxthecarrier when the indicator is 'operat 13.",In acalculating-machine, thecombination `of'a, plurality of `rotary indicators, a oariierforfimpar'tin'g the movement of one of said'indic'ators to the other,astop normally :out of the plane of movement of the carrier, f'mda-.'"adapted to engage the carrier and stop to roprojection "carried bythe indicator tate the former and to niove the latter into .engfgementtherewith.

le. In a calenlatingmachine, the combination .of a plurality ofrotaryindieators, a

carrier for imparting motion frein one of said indicators' tothe other,provided with a plurality of depending teeth, a. stop provided with adepending portion and a radial ci `tending lip, and a projection carriedby the indicator adapted to rotate the carrier and enga-gethe-projection on the stop for moving the lip into the oath of movementof the carrier-teeth;

`1nv testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification, inthe presence of October, A. D. 1905.

WALTER RICHARD BoNHAivi@ two subscribing Witnesses, on this 31st day of

